Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe.

Ans:

(i) State imposed restrictions: There were many state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

(ii) Multiple confederations: Most of the countries of Europe were the patchwork of small states and kingdoms making it difficult for traders to trade.

(iii) Different currencies, weights and measures: Each of these small confederations possessed its own currency, weights and measures.

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